32 · Ge
Germanium
Isolated by Winkler in 1886.
Identity
- Atomic number
- 32
- Symbol
- Ge
- Canonical name
- Germanium
- Category
- metalloid
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 4
- Block
- p
- Former names
- eka-silicium
Properties
These quantities come from the Periodic Table JSON compilation. They have not yet been checked, one by one, against CIAAW atomic weights or NIST measurements. A value marked estimated is not a measurement.
- Atomic mass
- 72.6308 u
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 4
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 5.323 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,211.4 K
- Boiling point
- 3,106 K
- Electronegativity
- 2.01 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 762 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 118.9352 kJ/mol
History
Germanium in argyrodite
Discovery · confirmed · 1886
Winkler isolates germanium. This is the element Mendeleev had called eka-silicon, without having it in hand.
Etymology
- Theme
- country
- Language
- latin
- Root
- Germania
- Meaning
- Germany
Scientists
See also
Sources
- IUPAC, Periodic Table of the Elements
- Bowserinator, Periodic Table JSON. Compilation secondaire d’où viennent les grandeurs physiques importées (masse, densité, températures, énergies). Elles ne sont pas revérifiées une à une auprès du NIST ou de la CIAAW.
- John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements