31 · Ga
Gallium
Discovered by spectroscopy by Boisbaudran in 1875.
Identity
- Atomic number
- 31
- Symbol
- Ga
- Canonical name
- Gallium
- Category
- post-transition metal
- Group
- 13
- Period
- 4
- Block
- p
- Former names
- eka-aluminium
Properties
These quantities come from the Periodic Table JSON compilation. They have not yet been checked, one by one, against CIAAW atomic weights or NIST measurements. A value marked estimated is not a measurement.
- Atomic mass
- 69.7231 u
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 3
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 5.91 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 302.9146 K
- Boiling point
- 2,673 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.81 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 578.8 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 41 kJ/mol
History
Spectral line, then the metal
Discovery · confirmed · 1875
Boisbaudran discovers gallium by spectroscopy and isolates it. The eka-aluminium space had been predicted, not discovered, by Mendeleev.
Etymology
- Theme
- country
- Language
- latin
- Root
- Gallia
- Meaning
- Gaul, France
Scientists
Places and institutions
- Paris — historical setting : France — present country : France
See also
Sources
- IUPAC, Periodic Table of the Elements
- Bowserinator, Periodic Table JSON. Compilation secondaire d’où viennent les grandeurs physiques importées (masse, densité, températures, énergies). Elles ne sont pas revérifiées une à une auprès du NIST ou de la CIAAW.
- John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements