14 · Si
Silicon
An impure product in 1811. Isolated by Berzelius in 1824.
Identity
- Atomic number
- 14
- Symbol
- Si
- Canonical name
- Silicon
- Category
- metalloid
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 3
- Block
- p
Properties
These quantities come from the Periodic Table JSON compilation. They have not yet been checked, one by one, against CIAAW atomic weights or NIST measurements. A value marked estimated is not a measurement.
- Atomic mass
- 28.085 u
- Electron configuration
- [Ne] 3s2 3p2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 4
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 2.329 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,687 K
- Boiling point
- 3,538 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.9 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 786.5 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 134.0684 kJ/mol
History
An impure product
Observation · confirmed · 1811
Gay-Lussac and Thénard obtain impure silicon. They do not establish it as the reference isolation.
Isolation
Isolation · confirmed · 1824
Berzelius prepares silicon and describes it as an element.
Etymology
- Theme
- mineral
- Language
- latin
- Root
- silex
- Meaning
- flint
Scientists
Places and institutions
- Paris — historical setting : France — present country : France
- Stockholm — historical setting : Sweden — present country : Sweden
See also
Sources
- IUPAC, Periodic Table of the Elements
- Bowserinator, Periodic Table JSON. Compilation secondaire d’où viennent les grandeurs physiques importées (masse, densité, températures, énergies). Elles ne sont pas revérifiées une à une auprès du NIST ou de la CIAAW.
- John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements