64 · Gd
Gadolinium
Observed by Marignac in 1880 and separated by Boisbaudran in 1886.
Identity
- Atomic number
- 64
- Symbol
- Gd
- Canonical name
- Gadolinium
- Category
- lanthanide
- Group
- unassigned
- Period
- 6
- Block
- f
Series set apart from the main table. Whether group 3 is lanthanum or lutetium (actinium or lawrencium) is still discussed, so the group is left empty.
Properties
These quantities come from the Periodic Table JSON compilation. They have not yet been checked, one by one, against CIAAW atomic weights or NIST measurements. A value marked estimated is not a measurement.
- Atomic mass
- 157.253 u
- Electron configuration
- [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
- Standard state
- solid
- Density
- 7.9 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,585 K
- Boiling point
- 3,273 K
- Electronegativity
- 1.2 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 593.4 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 13.22 kJ/mol
History
A new earth
Observation · confirmed · 1880
Marignac observes a new earth in samarskite.
Separation
Isolation · confirmed · 1886
Boisbaudran separates gadolinium. The 1880 observation and this separation are not the same act.
Etymology
- Theme
- scientist
- Language
- suédois
- Root
- Gadolin
- Meaning
- Johan Gadolin
Scientists
Places and institutions
- Paris — historical setting : France — present country : France
See also
Sources
- IUPAC, Periodic Table of the Elements
- Bowserinator, Periodic Table JSON. Compilation secondaire d’où viennent les grandeurs physiques importées (masse, densité, températures, énergies). Elles ne sont pas revérifiées une à une auprès du NIST ou de la CIAAW.
- John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements