Spiritual Axis

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The Hegira

622 CE

Historical illustration: The Hegira
Historical illustration: The Hegira

Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina).

Historical Context

In Mecca, the Prophet Muhammad preached a strict monotheism that threatened the polytheistic economy of the local Quraysh tribe. His followers faced violent persecution.

The Event

In September 622, learning of an assassination plot, Muhammad fled Mecca in secret with his companion Abu Bakr. They found refuge in the oasis city of Yathrib (which would become Medina).

Key Figures

Muhammad (Prophet of Islam), Abu Bakr (future first Caliph), Ali ibn Abi Talib (who covered his escape), the Quraysh tribe.

Aftermath

The Hijra (emigration) marked the creation of the first sovereign Islamic community (the Ummah). In Medina, Muhammad became a head of state, promulgating the Constitution of Medina.

Legacy & Culture

The event is so foundational that it marks Year 1 of the Islamic calendar. Medina remains the second holiest city in Islam, a symbol of the fusion between religion and governance.

Historiography

Historians highlight Muhammad's political genius in successfully pacifying the rival tribes of Medina (the Ansar) to create a united bloc capable of later conquering Mecca.

Sources and References

SACRED_TEXT

Le Coran (Sourate At-Tawbah 9:40)

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SACRED_TEXT

Hadiths : Sahih al-Bukhari (Livre des expéditions)

LITERATURE

Ibn Hisham, Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (Biographie du Prophète)

ARCHIVE

Constitution de Médine (Sahīfat al-Madīnah)

Reliability index : ★★★★★

Semantic cluster

World religions cluster

Sinai, Buddha, Jesus, Hijra, Reformation: spiritual foundations and ruptures.

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